Esperance groundwater allocation plan
View of Esperance townsite, foreshore park facilities and regional port, westwards towards the Esperance groundwater area. Source: Shire of Esperance
Why is the department preparing a new allocation plan for the Esperance groundwater area?
The Department of Water and Environmental Regulation (the department) is responsible for managing, licensing and protecting groundwater in Esperance.
Across the south-west corner of the state, from Geraldton to Esperance, groundwater is being affected by climate change. We take seriously the evidence of climate change and its effects on our precious groundwater resources. Groundwater is vital in Esperance as there is only one reliable fresh aquifer to supply the town and surrounding areas, the shallow Superficial aquifer.
Groundwater is used in Esperance to provide drinking water, irrigate parks, gardens, schools and caravan parks, in industrial processing, and for many other uses. It also supports the natural environment, including urban trees, wetlands and lakes.
With climate change, there is less rainfall recharging the Superficial aquifer in Esperance. Decreasing rainfall, combined with where and how groundwater is currently being taken, will cause the aquifer to become more saline if no action is taken, affecting its usability and longevity as a source for local use.
Planning is essential to make sure that our water supplies are secure for the needs of the community, future generations and the environment. Water allocation plans are regularly evaluated to review and improve management of water resources.
Our latest evaluation of the 2007 plan showed that groundwater abstraction in the Town and Twilight subareas is at its limit. The Esperance groundwater evaluation 2012-2020 covers the evaluation of the Esperance groundwater area water management plan 2007. The evaluation used climate modelling, water level and water quality monitoring, and metering data to evaluate the aquifer.
This work confirmed that with decreasing rainfall and recharge, groundwater abstraction around town has become the main cause of moving the saltwater interfaces inland (underground) from the ocean and from under the lakes into the fresh aquifer. This mixing is reducing the size of the freshwater aquifer in this area.
Planning to replace the 2007 Esperance groundwater area water management plan began in 2017 following completion of comprehensive groundwater investigations throughout the Esperance plan area, funded by the State Government.
Our review of future water demand for the Shire of Esperance was informed by the 2015 Goldfields-Esperance Regional Planning and Infrastructure Framework and the 2016 Regional Investment Blueprint which recognise the significance of Esperance as the region’s key port for mining and agricultural exports.
The new allocation plan will provide a framework to manage groundwater use in the Esperance area for the benefit of all water users and the community. The plan will provide an updated management approach to:
- account for the effects of climate change on groundwater recharge and set new allocation limits using the latest future climate modelling
- confirm security of fresh groundwater supply to 2040
- maximise groundwater availability where it can be taken safely and sustainably
- restrict intrusion and upconing of the seawater and saline groundwater.
The department will manage the Superficial aquifer through the allocation limits, local licensing policies and monitoring programs established for each subarea in the plan. The plan provides for current and future demand for public water supply (drinking water) which is licensed to Water Corporation.
View eastwards of the plan area from Pink Lake. Source: DWER. Photograph Simon Neville
Kwongkan Shrubland is partially groundwater dependant, occurring in the swales of the plan area. Source DWER. Photograph Melanie Morcombe
The Esperance groundwater area
The next plan covers the area defined as the Esperance Groundwater Area, proclaimed in 1973 under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 (RiWI 1914) to regulate how groundwater is taken and to protect the long-term availability of groundwater. Abstracting and using groundwater in the groundwater area requires a licence.
The town of Esperance is in the groundwater area, about 725 km south-east of Perth on the Southern Ocean coastline. The groundwater area is a narrow coastal strip varying from 3-10 km wide between Lake Gore in the east and Coramup Road in the west and is about 360 km2.
The Esperance groundwater supply is protected by managing land uses and associated activities in the Esperance Water Reserve water source protection area. The reserve was proclaimed under the Country Areas Water Supply Act (CAWS Act) 1947 (WA) in 1970. Boundary realignments were made in 2001 and 2013 to ensure ongoing protection of the drinking water source. The protection boundary aligns closely with the groundwater area boundary.
Aquifers in Esperance
Groundwater used in Esperance is contained in the sedimentary aquifers of the Eucla Basin and fractured rock aquifers. The Eucla Basin is a geological formation extending the length of Western Australia’s southern coastline.
In the sedimentary aquifer the layer closest to the surface is the Superficial aquifer. This is also the primary source of groundwater for all water users in Esperance and is crucial to supplying the town with clean drinking water. The Esperance lake and wetland systems have formed where the Superficial aquifer intersects with the land surface.
Hydrogeological cross-section of the aquifers in the Esperance plan area
The plan area
The plan covers the Esperance Groundwater Area. The area is divided into subareas to manage how groundwater is shared and allocated at a local scale. In 2018 we updated the subareas across the plan area to better allocate water for public and self-supply, and to address salinity impacts.
The groundwater area is now divided into six subareas – Warden, Bandy, Town, Twilight, Eleven Mile and Butty. These boundaries correspond with the geological and hydrogeological features of the area. They also reflect the response of the groundwater system to changes in water quality, abstraction and recent town developments.
The Lake Warden Wetland System. Source: DWER, Photographer Simon Neville
Esperance plan area, showing groundwater management subareas
Water use in the plan area
The population of Esperance relies almost entirely on groundwater for public and private water supplies. Esperance groundwater also occasionally supplements supplies for drinking water and drought relief for the surrounding communities of Salmon Gums, Grass Patch, Condingup, Hopetoun, Ravensthorpe and Munglinup. These localities have limited fresh water, particularly during extremely dry seasons, making the Esperance Superficial aquifer very important.
Groundwater use in the plan area is mainly for:
- public water supply for the town of Esperance
- industry – abattoir and industrial processing
- irrigation of public open space and sporting grounds
- commercial irrigation – horticulture, turf and pasture production
- domestic gardens, stock watering and pasture irrigation
The above uses are licensed, except stock watering and domestic garden use.
The Shire of Esperance is licenced to irrigate the foreshore parks with groundwater from the Esperance groundwater area. Source: Shire of Esperance
How can I be involved in the plan?
Community consultation will begin soon. Please contact us if you would like to be a part of this conversation.
Email: southcoast@dwer.wa.gov.au or allocation.planning@dwer.wa.gov.au
Phone: (08) 9841 0100
In person: South Coast Region office, 5 Bevan Street, ALBANY WA 6330
Post: PO Box 525, ALBANY WA 6331
Plan references and further information
Making our technical information available to the public is an important part of our planning process. Please follow the links below to access available documents:
The original plan was released in 2007:
Department of Water, 2007, Esperance groundwater area water management plan, Perth, Western Australia.
Evaluation statements for the 2007 Esperance plan:
Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, 2020, Esperance groundwater evaluation 2012-2020, an evaluation of the 2007 Esperance groundwater area water management plan, Perth, Western Australia.
Department of Water, 2011, Esperance groundwater area water management plan: Evaluation statement 2007-2011, Perth, Western Australia.
Further information:
Department of Water, 2012, Esperance Water Reserve drinking water source protection plan, Esperance Town Water Supply, Water Resource Protection Series report 134, Perth, Western Australia.
For information on licensing in the area please contact our South Coast Regional office in Albany on (08) 9841 0100, or visit the department’s water licensing webpage.